Ancient Egyptian Medicine Essays - Medicine,

Ancient Egyptian Medicine Ancient Egyptian Medicine The Nile river is known almost universally by historians as the cradle of medicine because it passes through the great region of Egypt. Egypt greatly contributed to the western civilization. Their knowledge was far superior to any previous civilization, and many civilizations to come. One of their greatest achievements was in the field of medicine because they replaced myth with medical fact, this laid the foundations for modern medical practice. They discovered the cause of various illnesses and developed a cure. They practiced both medical and spiritual healing so the worlds of religion and science could coexist. With the discoveries of several papyrus', we are learning more and more about their knowledge of the human anatomy. The literature discovered by archaeologists dates back to over 7000 years ago. In the early Egyptian times, medicine was practiced most often by priests, not doctors or physicians. There were three main types of early healers, the priest physician, lay physician, and the magician-physician. The priest physicians were ranked highest among physicians because they practiced a combination of clinical and spiritual medicine. The priest physicians were in such a high favor that it is most likely they were part of the Egyptian hierarchy, and involved with the state officials and pharaohs. It is unknown if the priest physicians ever received medical training. They were permitted to examine patients and participate in minor tasks. All diseases except those of the eye, were treated by a clergy who specialized with their own rule and hierarchy known as the Priests of Sekhmet. Gradually the physicians would gain their medical knowledge and would combine it with their knowledge of magic to become an effective and respected healer. The lay physicians also practiced a combination of clinical and spiritual healing. Unlike the priest physician, the lay physicians were most likely trained to practice medicine. They were most likely derived from priests who had knowledge of the anatomy, and from magicians because they weren't associated with any particular god or temple. The role of a lay physician wasn't only open to males, unlike the priest physicians, there are records of women physicians. Although the duties of the lay physician are vague due to the lack of information contained in the medical papyri, we can assume that they were closely linked to the field of surgery because of their medical training. The last type of physician called the magician-physician, was not trained in medicine and only used spells to cure the ill. This signifies that although the Egyptians made advances in the field of medicine, the aspect of magic never their medicine. All physicians of Egypt were regarded in high favor of the kings. They were given such titles as "Chief of all court physicians" The nobles also used the term "body physicians." These "body physicians," were permanently employed. Historians and archaeologists are unsure of the methods of payment for these physicians, but they know that the general physicians who went into the land were paid by natural resources such as a gold ring or bracelet. It was a family tradition to become a doctor. It is unsure whether the position was inherited or the fathers just wanted to pass down their knowledge to their sons. They can come to the conclusion that all physicians were well looked after and were a valuable asset to all pharaoh. In wartime and on journeys anywhere within Egypt, the sick are all treated free of charge, because doctors are paid by the state. Court physicians had the same advantages of those who went out to the war front. They were paid directly by the pharaoh so a wounded soldier in battle would be able to receive free treatment. The art of medicine was divided: each physician applies himself to one disease only and not more. Some are for the eyes, others for the head, others for the teeth, others for the intestines, and others for internal disorders. In ancient Egypt, most physicians were specialists. One physician would specialize in treating flesh wounds, while another would specialize in treating eye infections. The larger part of the training of physicians took place in a house of life. The house of life is a temple devoted to treated the ill. One would only have to tell the "house of life" of his illness and a physician who specialized in that field would visit that person and treat the illness as best he could. At the temple of Heliopis, they discovered gravestones of the doctors of old schools and engraved on them were such inscriptions as "superintendent of the secrets of

Ford Fiesta Essays

Ford Fiesta Essays Ford Fiesta Essay Ford Fiesta Essay The storyline for the Ford Fiesta is a woman who looks young, about twenty to twenty five year old and a around the same aged boyfriend, driving through a town. The couple look like they are on holiday because it is sunny and they are driving alongside a beach. They get stuck in traffic. The woman then quickly drives out of the traffic line and drives down through some narrow streets. At this point the camera gets good close ups of the car. During the time that she is narrating what seems to be a diary entry. The camera then shows the woman lying down on her bed writing in the diary. The last clip of the advert shows her boyfriend looking puffed out over the drive. During this hot of her boyfriend, she is says Oh yeah and Jack purposed, Jack who is her boyfriend. She says it in a tone which makes it seem not very important. She is only talking about the car. Jazzy music is being played in the background while the couple are driving to get the viewer in the holiday mood as well as making the car sound fun and cheerful. The main aspect of the car which is being focused on is that the car is small so it can go down narrowest of roads and can easily handle a busy city street.  The message about the car is that the car is more important then marriage which links in with the cars slogan which is It makes your day. I think this links in with this storyline because the car is small and versatile it got out of the traffic and made a few shortcuts through some narrow lanes. Therefore at the result of that they are engaged. : The type of people I feel will buy this car is someone who drives around the town a lot, such as a business man or someone in the delivery trade. I think single or married people who are between twenty and thirty years old and who earn average wage will buy this car.  I feel that all three adverts are all effective in there own way. The Ford Fusion is a good example of very effective photography and use of colour. The Ford Mondeo shows that the car is very safe and reliable. It also has a frightening theme to it. The Ford Fiesta is a good example of very effective music, comedy and narration. I find all three adverts very clever and original. The best method to sell a car I fell is by TV because you can use different mediums such as music, comedy, sound effects, and a disturbing atmosphere. That is why I feel the best advert is the Ford Fiesta because I like comedy in an advert. That is how I would remember it.  I think the Ford Fiesta did in a way persuade me to buy the car because how the way the advertisers have filmed the car. Advertising has an important effect on our lives. If we see something on TV, radio or the newspaper and we like either the person selling it or the way it is set up, we will probably that product.

Giovanni Carestini Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Giovanni Carestini - Research Paper Example In the period of late baroque, newly introduced genres and techniques were enhanced and expanded: the range of musical instruments was expanded, music forms evolved owing to efforts of composers, vocal techniques were developed. Such prominent composers like Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Bach, Telemann, Corelli and many others created the precious music legacy of the epoch. Among them, there was the most famous court composer of German origin, George Friedrich Handel, who granted special attention to vocal genres in his works. Having composed the first oratorio in 1708 , Handel became engaged in working with vocal genres for the rest of his life. Vocal techniques and styles, in their turn, became more exquisite and complex in Baroque era, and – as Pleasants wrote, 1720’s – 1740’s signified the first golden age of singing in the 18th century . Particularly, a variety of male and female singers performing in the period of late Baroque demonstrated magnificent ornament ation and impressing vocal range. Moreover, Baroque traditions introduced homophony – a type of polyphony, emphasizing a leading voice with help of accompanying ones – and unobtrusiveness of accompaniment. As composers became interested in making voice the central figure in certain genres, the new form of musical thinking emerged: the vocal part should be supported and complemented in a subtle way, which would point it out and lay emphasis on the verbal message it conveyed. Thus, the composers attached much importance to composition of vocal parts.